The SELECT INTO is actually a standard SQL query where the SELECT INTO clause is used to place the returned data into predefined variables.
create or replace function auth_Name
( v_auth_state IN author.author_state%type)
return varchar2
as
    v_authName author.author_last_name%type;
    
    begin
    select author_last_name into v_authName
    from author
    where author_state = v_auth_state;
    return v_authName;
    exception
    when TOO_MANY_ROWS
    then return 'Too Many Authors in that State';
    when NO_DATA_FOUND
    then return 'No Authors in that State';
    when others
    then raise_application_error(-20011,'Unknown Exception in authName Function');
end;
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